Locking apparatus



Aug. 29, 195o A.Jf. IDoHMr LOCKING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 26. 1944 loa inventor- THUR J'. Dos-1M.

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Patentecl Aug. 29, 1950 LOCKING APPARATUS Arthur J. Dohm, St. Paul, Minn., assignor, by mesne assignments, to The Northern Pump Company, Minneapolis, Minn., a corporation oi Minnesota Application December 26, 1944, Serial No. 569,879

2 Claims. (Cl. 151-32) lThis invention relates to a locking device and '4:

particularly to a locking device for locking a rotatable member in relation to a member which is made of comparatively soft metal.

Locking members such as split helical washers are now commonly used and placed in engagement with one member and adapted to engage another member Which is rotatable relatively to said rst mentioned member. When the first mentioned member is made of comparatively soft metal, such as aluminum, many locking members, such as a split helical washer, Will mar or tear up a portion of the member of comparatively soit metal. As a result, many specications prohibit the use of certain locking members such as a split helical Washer in contact with a member of comparatively soft metal.

It is an object of this invention to provide a simple method and structure in which a locking member, such as a split helical Washer, can be used in a body of comparatively soft metal without injuring the latter.

Itis a further object of the invention to provide a method and structure in which a member of hard metal is provided, the same having peripheral projections, which member of hard metal is forced into the member made of comparatively soit metal so that relative rotation of the tWo is prevented. A locking member is then placed in engagement With the member made of hard metal, which locking member can also engage the member which it is desired to hold against rotation.

It is more specifically an object of the invention to provide a locking structure comprising a member made of comparatively soft metal and having a bore therein, which bore has an end extending transversely to the axis thereof, a member such as a Washer oi hard metal having peripheral projections, which latter member is forced into said bore, said projections engaging said iirst mentioned member and preventing rotation of said member of hard material, a locking member such as a split helical Washer, in engagement With said member of hard material, the same being also in engagement with a member extending into said bore to prevent rotation of said last merk tioned member.

It is still further an object of this invention to provide a locking member having peripheral means for engaging a body of comparatively soft material cooperating with facial locking means either on said member or a separate member.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be fullyset forth in the following description made in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views and in which:

Fig. 1 is a view in central vertical section of a structure of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a top plan View of the structure shown in Fig. 1;

. Fig. 3 is a plan or face View of a locking member or Washer used; l

Fig. .4 is a vertical section taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 3 as indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 5 is a plan orface View of a portion of the member shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and shown on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 6 is a view in vertical section illustrating the method and operation of the invention;

Fig. 7 is a plan or face view of a locking member used; l

Fig. 8 is a side or edge view of the locking member shown in Fig. '7; and

Fig. 9 is a vertical section through an assembly using the member shown in Fig. 7.

Referring to the drawings a member It is shown which will be made of one of the softer metals such as aluminum. ASaid member is provided with a bore or recess Ilia, which in the embodiment of the invention illustrated is. shown as cylindrical. A rotatable member I l such as a bolt or stud is disposed in bore or recess lila and in the embodiment of the invention illustrated is shown as extending through a smaller bore Illh in member I d. Member II is provided with a socket IIa in its enlarged head portion IIb adapted to receive a tool for turning the same. Said socket is polygonal in transverse cross section and in the embodiment of the invention illustrated is shown as hexagonal. A member I2 is provided, illustrated as in the form of a Washer, and the same is provided with peripheral projections lila, which in the embodiment of the invention illustrated are shown as comparatively sharp teeth, which extend continuously about the periphery of member I2, Member I2 will be made of hard metal such as hard steel. in the use of the structure member l2 is forced into the bore Illa and one face thereof engages the bottom Ille of bore Ita, which bottom extends trans- `versely of the axis of said bore and in the embodiment of the invention illustrated is shown as extending at right angles to said axis. The diameter of member I2 from the point of one `tooth to the point ci a tooth diametricallyop.- `posite is larger than the diameter of the bore Illa.

When member l 2 is forced into bore Ita the pro- 3 jections or teeth I2a cut into the sides of the bore and engage the body I so that when said member I2 is disposed in the bore lila it is held from rotation therein.

While various ways and means could be used to force member I2 into place, one simple and convenient 'means which has been found very eicient in practice is illustrated in Fig. 6. A member or mandrel I4 is provided having a diameter slightly less than the diameter of bore Ia. Member I4 has a reduced portion Ilia substantially fitting in the smaller bore IUb. A shoulder is thus formed on member It and the portion Ilia is inserted through the bore in member I2, the diameter of which bore is the same as the diameter of the smaller bore lIlb. The top of member I2 is engaged by the shoulder on member I4 and member Iii is then pushed downwardly in the bore Ita and smaller bore IIib and Washer I2 is forced downwardly in the bore lila. Member I4 is guided in the smaller bore Iilb and member I2 is iiri'nly held on member Ill so that member I2 can be easily and quickly seated against the bottom Ecc of bore idd. The diameter of member I within the teeth Id is substantially the same as the diameter of bore lila. Member I2 is be'velled or chamfered as lshown at I2b at its top and bottom corner. This bevel is placed on member I2 to form an annular space IIld at the bottom thereof in which any metal from member I0 or metal pieces or chips therefrom can be located. Alocking member i3 is placed on top "or member i2, which locking member wnrhave zmeans adapted to engage member I2 and will also have means adapted to engage member II. While various locking members might be used, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated member I3 is in the form of a split helical washer and is disposed between member I2 and the bottom of 'head llt of member 1|. Members l2 and I3 thus surround the body or shank I Ic `of mem'- =ber `I I.

When a locking Washer such as the washer I3 is used for preventing rotation it moves or rotates somewhat and the edge of the Washer at the split portion tends to dig into the member which it engages. If the member is of soft .material this vvill objectionably mar or injure the member. With the present construction member 'I3 ldoes not engage the member 'I' of soft material but instead engages the hard steel member I2. Member VIi! is held fro'mrotation and member It thus acts to prevent rotation of member -II by engagement therewith. A very 'simple and very effective `construction is thus provided for preventing rotation of member II relatively 'to member I0. The sharp edge `of the locking washer :I3 at its split portion cannot seriously damage the member I2 which is made of hard metal. The full effect of the locking washer I3 is thus obtained just as if the body I0 were made of hard metal. The terminal edges at the split portion of the washer I3 which eX- tend transversely thereof, form a facial locking means engaging members YII] and II respectively.

`In Figs. 7, 8 and 9 a modified structure is "shown in Vwhich a member I6 is used. Member It is in the form of a washer and has the teeth or serrations Ia about its periphery. Member I6 has a bore or opening Ib adjacent one side of which ithas Aa portion I'Iicy extending around said bore and partial-ly severed to form a helical strip. The end Ii'd of said strip is thus offset :some distance from one face of 'member I6. Portion AIIc is somewhat resilient.

When member IB is used it will be forced into the bore Illa of the body I0 of softer material and will be seated against the bottom IUc thereof just as is the member I2. Member I6 will be held from rotation by engagement of the teeth IIa with the body IU. As is the case with member I2, member It has a diameter at the base of the teeth Ia substantially the same as the diameter of the bore Ita. The portion I6c will project upwardly from member I6 so that when the member II is placed in the bore Ita, it will engage the portion IGC so that member IB forms a locking Washer preventing rotation oi member I I relative to body ID. The shoulder on member II' will be engaged by the end I6d of the portion |60. The member I6 thus takes the place of both members I2 and I3 shown in Figs. l to 5. Member I5 has both a peripheral locking means and a facial locking means. Member I 6 could of course be made of varying thickness and, if desired, could be bevelled at its periphery as is the member I2. The structure shown in Fig. 9 is thus more compact and necessitates the use of fewer parts.

From' the above description it will be seen that I have provided a very simple and efficient method and structure for preventing the rotation of a member relatively to a body made of comparatively soft metal or material. The structure is very compact and takes up an exceedingly small additional space over the customary structure. The method can be easily and quickly performed and the structure thus quickly assembled. The structure and method have been amply demonstrated in actual practice and found to be very successful and efcient.

It will of course, be understood that various 'changes may be made in the form, details, arrangement and proportions of the apparatus and in the stepsand sequence of steps of the method Without departing from the scope of appli-cants invention, which generally stated, consists in a method and vapparatus capable of carrying out the objects above set forth, such as ldisclosed and dened in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A device for preventing marring having combination, a body of comparatively soft metal with Ya bore therein, said bore having an end eX- tending transversely of the axis thereof, a metallic member disposed 'axially in said bore and adapted to be rotated, said member having a surface extending transversely of the aXis thereof, a second comparatively thin `annular member disposed in said bore and having a vflat bottom surface engaging said end, 4said second member having a flat top surface and having means yengaging the cylindrical wall `of said bore to prevent rotation of said second member, a 'locking member above said second member having means engaging said second member to prevent rotation of said locking member and having means also engaging said surface of said `first mentioned member to prevent rotation o'f the latter, said 'iirst mentioned member extending through said second member and locking member, whereby said iirst mentioned member is lheld from rotation and the bottom of said `bore is not marred.

2. A device for preventing marr'ing 'fhavling in combi-nation, .a body 0f comparatively soft `metal having a bore therein having a counterbo're at one Vend thereof, said counterbore having an end surface extending transversely of the axis of -said bore, a cylindrical member adapted to be rotated disposed axially in said bore and having a, shoulder thereon the surface of which extends at right angles to the axis of said member and bore, a second comparatively thin annular member disposed in said counterbore and having a flat bottom surface engaging said end surface of said counterbore, said second member having a top surface and having peripheral means en gaging the cylindrical wall of said counterbore to prevent rotation of said second member, and an annular locking member above said second member having locking means engaging the top surface and said shoulder, said rst mentioned member extending through said second member and locking member whereby said first mentioned member is prevented from rotation and said end of said counterbore is not marred.

ARTHUR J. DOHM.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this 4patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 13,425 Blossom June 11, 1925 591,892 Smith Oct. 19, 1897 858,714 Gaines July 2, 1907 975,012 Armstrong Nov. 8, 1910 1,049,489 Hughes Jan. 7, 1915 1,427,807 Halbleb Sept. 5, 1922 1,616,996 Talaga Feb. 8, 1927 1,882,089 Olson Oct. 11, 1932 2,371,927 Schmidt et a1. Mar. 20, 1945 2,400,318 Rosan May 14, 1946 

